Section-1

Q-1) Why did Sir Syed Ahmad khan wish to revive Islam in the subcontinent?  (7)

·         Muslims facing many problems.

·         Mughals had lost their power and the Muslims were in decline

·         Muslims had strayed from the path of Islam

·         Muslims were being overpowered by Sikhs in the Punjab and had to face their tyranny

·         Problems were being created by Marhtas

·         As a result, he wanted to restore their power and prestige

Q-2) Why did Shah Wali Ullah wish to revive Islam in the sub continent? (7)

·         Muslims had strayed from the path of Islam

·         Muslims had lost their power and the Mughal had decline

·         Disturbed by the sectarian division among Muslims so wanted to remove these divisions

·         Disturbed by the tyranny of the Sikhs and Marathas

·         As a result, he wanted to revive Islam

Q-3)Why did Syed Ahmad Shaheed Brelvi have such a major influence on the revival of Islam? (7)

·         Was the first Muslim leader who took up arms against tyranny of non Muslims

·         Defeated Sikhs in many battles so Muslims were encouraged to fight for their rights

·         Started the mujahideen movement which continued even after his death

·         He set himself as an example to be followed and Muslims of Punjab were encouraged by his movement

·         He can be said as the deriving force for the war of independence

Q-3) Why did Shah Wali Ullah have such an important influence on the revival of Islam in the subcontinent? (7)

·         He worked to heal the division among Muslim sects

·         He translated Quran into Persian

·         He wrote over 52 books for the revival of Islam

·         He believed that Muslims had strayed from the teachings of Islam and taught in Mudrassa Rahimiya to revive Islam

Q-4) Why were there attempts to revive Islam in the sub continent during the 18 and early 19 century? (7)

·         Muslims had become ignorant of Islamic teachings

·         Muslims had steadily declined and the Mughal empire had disintegrated

·         Muslims were facing the tyranny of different non Muslim rulers

·         Muslims had become divided into sects and there was no unity among them

·         As a result, there was need for the revival of Islam and there were many attempts for it (mention names of reformers)

Q-5) What was the Fraizi movement? (4)

·         Founded by Haji  Shariat Ullah

·         Emphasized on purifying Isalm from non Islamic teachings

·         Restore the power of Muslims and revive the true spirit of Islam among Muslims

·         Praying for past sins and lead a righteous life according to Islamic teachings

Q-5) Describe the achievements of Shah Wali Ullah in reviving Islam? (4)

·         Translated Quran to Persian

·         Mudrassa Rahimiya spread Islamic teachings

·         Wrote account of rightly guided caliphs acceptable to both Shias and Sunnis to heal division between them

·         Wrote 52 books to revive Islam

·         Persuaded Muslim ruler to fight against Marathas

 Q-6) Who was Titu Mir? (4)

·         Disciple of Syed Ahmad Shaheed Barelvi

·         Angered by the sufferings of Muslims in west Bengal

·         Gathered poor farmers and put up an armed resistance against local Hindu landowners

·         Made a fort using bamboo sticks and defeated the local Hindu landowners many times

·         Eventually killed by British authorities who sent artillery with the army

Q-7) Briefly explain three reasons for the decline of the Mughal Empire?(7)

·         Huge empire difficult to administer

·         Bad rulers not able to administer the empire and were not concerned about welfare of the people

·         Succession wars among sons of rulers

·         Marathas rising

·         British too powerful and advanced technology

Q-7) Why were the British able to replace the Mughals as the dominant force in the sub continent by 1850?

·         Mughals already in decline

·         Industrial revolution in Britain resulted in advanced weapons and artillery for British army

·         British were good negotiators and were able to win battles by negotiating

·         They had highly trained army

Q-8) Explain why the Mughal Empire declined following the reign of Aurangzeb? (7)

·         His successors were unskilled administrators and lead an extravagant life

·         There were succession wars among the sons of following rulers

·         The Mughal empire had become too large and governors of far off places had created their own small states

·         The Mughal army was not the power that it once used to be.

·         The successors had strayed from the teachings of Islam and did not care about the welfare of the state and public

Q-9) Why did the War of Independence of 1857 fail? (7)

·         It was a general uprising without any proper planning in advance

·         There was no proper leadership although the Mughal emperor was considered important

·         There was no feeling of unity among the rebels. Everyone was fighting for his own reason

·         Many states did not even take part in the war. Some states like Kashmir’s ruler helped the British because his position was tied to their power

·         The British had an extremely disciplined and advanced army compared to the rebels.

·         The Hindus and skihs did not want to see the Mughal power restored so many of them did not support it wholeheartedly

Q-10) What happened at the battle of Kanpur? (4)

·         The local troops revolted and besieged Kanpur under the leadership of nana sahib

·         British troops surrendered on the condition that safe route would be provided for them to Allahabad

·         But the British troops were massacred and many children and women were killed too

·         When British recaptured Kanpur, they took revenge and killed large number of captured soldiers

Q-11) Why did Sir Syed Ahmad Khan wish to develop a better understanding with the British following

The War of Independence (1857-58)?

·         The Muslims were being ill treated by British after the war of independence

·         He wanted to create good relations between them so that Muslims may trust British and vice versa

·         To encourage Muslims to get western education

·         He wanted to improve their social and economic position in the society

·         To make sure they were not left behind in everything and come become dominated by Hindus

·         (mention some of his efforts too)

Q-12) Why did Sir Syed Ahmad Khan found the Aligarh Movement? (7)

·         To remove misunderstandings between Muslims and British

·         To make sure that the Muslims were educated in the western way of education

·         To help Muslims in getting better status in the society by getting western education

Q-13) What was ‘The Loyal Mohammedans of India’?

·         The loyal mohammedans of India was an article published by Sir Syed Ahmad khan

·         He wrote it to remove the misunderstandings between the British and Muslims

·         It described different services that the Muslims had rendered to the British

·         (I am a bit confused about this question myself)

Q-14) Why did the British Government take control of the affairs of the East India Company in the

early nineteenth century?(7)

·         The volume of trade had increased extremely and affected the British economy quite significantly

·         After the war of independence, the locals were completely defeated so it was time for Britain to take over

·         There was fear of Russian expansion so British government decided to take over to have a strong place in this part of the continent

·         The EIC was extremely corrupt so the British government decided to intervene

Q-15) Explain why the East India Company became involved in the Indian sub-continent during the

seventeenth century.(7)

·         The sub continent was an ideal target for trading as no one else had established trade here

·         The trade goods like spices, silk, precious gems were available at cheap prices which were otherwise expensive in Britain

·         As a result it proved extremely profitable.

·         Before coming to sub continent, east India company was provided trade rights in east indies but the dutch were already established there. So they turned to India as alternative.

Q-16) Why was Britain so successful in expanding its control of the sub-continent between 1750 and

1850?(7)

·         India was already divided into many states and there was no central power

·         The British army was much superior and was technically advanced

·         They were good negotiators and won many battles by using treachery as a weapon (give example of battle of plassey here)

·         The British army had much better resources then the local princes and nawabs

Q-17) Why did the Indian sub-continent attract European traders in the late sixteenth and early

Seventeenth centuries?(7)

·         Attracted traders due to its vast riches

·         Good trade goods such as silk, gems, spices were extremely cheap and trading was profitable.

·         Many trading countries wanted to establish their power here before each other. This explains the rivalry between britain and france.

·         (mention some traders such as EIC, France, Dutch etc.)

Q-18) What was the East India Company? (4)

·         Trading company

·         Trade rights granted in 1600 by Elizabeth 1

·         Landed at surat in 1608

·         Permission to trade in 1612

·         By end of 17 century, headquarters made in Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras.

Q-19) Why did Pakistan choose Urdu as its national language?

·         Urdu was considered as the language of the Muslims even before Pakistan creation

·         It was promoted by Mughals. Bahadur shah zafar was an Urdu poet himself

·         It had a rich literature. Poets such as iqbal, ghalib had written masterpieces of poetry in Urdu.

·         One of the objectives of Muslim league was to protect Urdu

Q-20) Why have regional languages been promoted by the Pakistan government since 1947?

·         Regional languages play an important role in the development of a country

·         Regional languages have been promoted to improve the literature of these languages

·         Balochi which played an important role in resistance against British, is being promoted to keep it alive

How has the Pakistan government promoted the development of Balochi since 1947?

·         Balochi literary association was set up

·         Megazines are being published

·         Tv broadcasts in balochi

·         Karachi radio broadcasting in balochi

·         Atta shad, ishq samin etc. balochi poets promoting the language

SECTION 2

Explain the reasons for the establishment of the Muslim League in 1906. (7)

·         To protect Muslim rights

·         To represent Muslims politically

·         Congress had become Hindu dominant, so Muslims needed their own part

·         Also, reversal of partition of Bengal lead to the belief that Muslims needed their own representation to protect their rights

How did the Hindus oppose the Partition of Bengal between 1905 and 1911? (7)

·         Rioting in different cities and protests against British

·         British cloths were burned and Hindus boycotted British goods resulting in decrease in trade income

·         Some extremeists made assassination attempts on lord minto

·         The sawadeshi movement was started

Why was the partition of Bengal reversed in 1911? (7)

·         Strong protests from all fronts from the Hindu community

·         Attempts on lord minto’s life

·         Sawadeshi movements was started which effected British economy

·         Extremist activities were being carried out

·         To co operate with the Hindus, lord minto reversed the partition in 1911

Why was Bengal partitioned in 1905?

·         Huge province with a population of over 54 million people

·         Divided for administrative purposes

·         Also as division was required, it was better to divide it on religious bases to gain support from the minority too

Why did the Congress Party oppose the Morley-Minto Reforms of 1906? (7)

·         Congress wanted self rule in India which was not granted in these reforms

·         Extremely limited powers were given to the locals

·         Separate electorates for Muslims were opposed

·         The large number of Muslims in councils was resented by Hindus

Explain why the Lucknow Pact of 1916 came about.

·         Congress and the league found that they should work together to get their rights

·         By joint demands, more pressure was put on British

·         Congress wanted to gain Muslim league support by allowing them separate electorates

Why was the Simla Delegation of 1906 an important turning point for the Muslims of the subcontinent?

·         First time Muslims tried to get concessions from the British

·         First time Muslims demands were accepted and britsh allowed separate electorates as well as weightage  in elected bodies

·         Relations with British improved suddenly combined with the partition of Bengal

·         Lead to the formation of Muslim league

What was the Swadeshi Movement? (4)

·         Boycott of all British goods

·         British cloths were burned and locally woven cloths were worn

·         Protests and riots across the  country against the partition

Describe the Rowlatt Act. (4)

·         Arrest without warrant

·         Detention without bails

·         Government could order people where to live

The Montague-Chelmsford reforms were more important than any other political developments

between 1909 and 1919.’ Do you agree or disagree? Give reasons for your answer.

·         Explain montford reforms

·         Explain morley minto reforms

·         Explain lucknow pact

·         Give an evaluation of your answer (mostly lucknow pact is considered more important)

Khilafat movement

Explain the reasons for the establishment of the Khilafat Movement. (7)

·         Ill treatment of Germany and Austria after world war 1

·         Fear that turkey would be treated the same way

·         Treaty of serves’. Lands taken away from turkey

·         Ill treatment of the caliph

·         British had promised to deal fairly with turkey

Why did the Khilafat Movement fail?

·         Violence entered the movement and the even of chauri chora

·         Withdrawal of Gandhi from support

·         Abolishment of Khilafat in turkey by Ataturk himself

·         Unpopular events such as failed migration to Afghanistan

·         Also the movement was less realistic and more emotional